U.S Not Prepaired for Civilian Drones

The U.S. aviation system is unprepared for the proliferation of civilian drone flights and how they would function amid piloted planes, according to a panel of scientific advisers to the government.

There are “serious unanswered questions” about the safety and reliability of unmanned aircraft, the National Academy of Sciences team said in a report today. It raises doubts about whether the Federal Aviation Administration can meet a congressional deadline to begin integrating drones into the airways by 2015.

Drones, ranging from small quad-copters sold in hobby shops to remote-controlled crop-dusters, are on the verge of creating revolutionary changes in aviation, according to the study. While the robotic machines offer great potential, “maintaining or improving the safety and efficiency of the nation’s civil aviation system, will be no easy matter,” the panel said.

“It won’t be, poof, magic happens, and all of a sudden in 2015 everybody can fly any autonomous aircraft anywhere in the system,” John-Paul Clarke, co-chairman of the panel, said in an interview.

The FAA only allows government, academic and manufacturer- test flights of drones under a special approval process. That hasn’t stopped a proliferation of flights, including by surf photographers, Hollywood directors and real-estate agents that is testing the agency’s ability to police the skies.

Research Needed

A proposed regulation allowing small unmanned aircraft weighing less than 55 pounds (25 kilograms) to be flown commercially is due from the FAA by the end of this year.

The National Academy of Sciences study, requested by NASA’s Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate, called on the FAA and other agencies to begin a research program to study the new technologies and develop techniques for overseeing them.

Much of that research is already in the process of beginning, Melanie Hinton, a spokeswoman for the Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International, an Arlington, Virginia- based trade group, said in an e-mail.

“We fully agree with the report’s recommendation that all stakeholders work together to perform this necessary research, and look forward to continuing our work as a part of it,” Hinton said.

Gradual Introduction

The group has forecast the unmanned aircraft industry will create 100,000 new jobs and $82 billion in economic impact in the decade after the FAA allows drones to fly among traditional aircraft.

The conclusions today by the 17-member panel of academics and industry officials sound a cautionary note as the U.S. develops a new framework for how to regulate the new industry.

“Early adapters sometimes get caught up in the excitement of the moment, producing a form of intellectual hyperinflation that greatly exaggerates the promise of things to come and greatly underestimates costs in terms of money, time, and — in many cases — unintended consequences,” the scientists wrote.

In order to prevent that from occurring, there must be a gradual adoption of the new technology, Clarke, who is an aerospace engineering professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, said.

“It has to be a phased approach where the regulatory agency and the operators need to work together to introduce a little, prove a little and introduce a little more,” he said.

Shooting Movies

FAA Administrator Michael Huerta told a Senate hearing on Jan. 15 that his agency is taking a “measured” approach to integrating drones into the aviation system. Technical capabilities of the devices don’t meet the agency’s requirements, Huerta said.

The FAA is for the first time considering requests for commercial use of unmanned aircraft.

Seven movie and TV production companies petitioned the agency for permission to use drones for photography, the agency announced June 2.

Increased use of drones faces “many substantial barriers,” according to today’s report. They include technology that isn’t yet mature, a regulatory system unprepared to oversee drones and political questions about privacy and other social issues.

For example, adding large numbers of radio-controlled drones may overwhelm the bandwidth limitations of the airwaves, the panel said in the report.

Precipitous Impacts

Drones using increasingly complex software and connected to ground-based computers raise new questions about hacking and cybersecurity, the panel said.

Unmanned technology will eventually become more autonomous, with on-board computers instead of humans choosing flight paths and sensing obstructions, according to the report. The current aviation system doesn’t have the ability to determine if such technology is reliable and safe, it concluded.

It also isn’t clear how the sometimes fragile aviation system, which is prone to delays when threatened by bad weather or too much traffic, will function with drones.

Unmanned aircraft will add complexity to the airways, which may “in certain circumstances, cause the performance of the entire system to degrade precipitously,” the panel said.

Ensuring the safety and efficiency of the system demands new research programs to give the FAA the data it needs to regulate the industry, according to the report.

The key goal in the research is to ensure drones “will enhance rather than diminish the safety and reliability” of the U.S. flight system, it said.

The FAA last year approved six drone test sites and on May 27 said it would establish a center of excellence to study the issue.