Airplane Lessors Face Legal Quagmire as Russian Repos Stall

Global leasing companies staring at an imminent sanctions deadline to repossess more than 400 jets worth almost $10 billion from Russian airlines have received mostly radio silence as experts warn of legal wrangling that could last a decade.

Western bans imposed after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine give most leasing firms until March 28 to sever ties with Russian airlines – sparking a game of cat-and-mouse from Asia to Africa as lenders frantically try to seize aircraft.

Leasing companies are terminating leases and asking for planes to be returned along with the paperwork that must be secured for planes to be placed with new airlines.

But so far, Western observers say that is not happening.

“There is nothing official, but Russian airlines are not giving aircraft back. The only ones are a handful that were already outside Russia and could be repossessed,” said independent aviation adviser Bertrand Grabowski.

Those include two jets seized in Istanbul and Mexico City, according to trade journal ch-aviation.

Others have wriggled through the repo net.

An Aeroflot Boeing 777 narrowly escaped being seized at the initiative of a non-Russian bank in Southeast Asia and the Gulf in the past week, two people familiar with the matter said.

An Airbus A321neo leased to the same flag carrier was the target of a failed repossession in Egypt, aviation publication The Air Current reported.

Aeroflot did not respond to a request for comment.

Mass Default Risk

In total there are almost 780 jets leased by Russian airlines, including 515 from abroad. Even some leased within Russia are subject to claims from foreign banks.

Some 425 of these are most at risk in what looks set to become aviation’s biggest mass default, according to consultants Ascend by Cirium who have seen “virtually no progress” in seizing jets.

For a maturing industry with portfolios worth up to $300 billion, that remains far from the global impact of the pandemic that grounded over 15,000 jets.

But the loss of a market representing 5-6% of global traffic has shocked a sector that owns more than half the world’s airliner fleet.

The resulting flood of claims and potential writedowns could trigger a lengthy contest over liability.

“This will end up in the courts forever. In general it is a very bleak picture,” said Jerrold Lundquist, managing director of advisers Lundquist Group.

“Between the airlines, lessors and insurers, you are most probably looking at a decade of lawsuits,” Grabowski added.

Ratings agency Moody’s warned last week that a prolonged escalation of sanctions could pile pressure on the leasing industry, which has risen from shaky roots in the 1970s to become a dominant force.

‘Uncharted Territory’

As Russia launched what it described as a “special operation” in Ukraine last month, some financiers reported initial signs of panic.

“Someone offered to sell me seven freighters – and two other international lessors asked if I wanted to buy their entire Russian portfolio,” said a person at a China-based lessor, adding the offer had been refused.

Facing multiple obstacles in seizing jets – from lack of co-operation and possible security risks on the ground, to airspace bans and questions over permission to fly to storage sites – lessors are banking on a record payout under war-risk insurance.

But the aviation insurance market will struggle to make payouts potentially dwarfing the $1.8 billion from 9/11.

A declaration of war is not necessarily required to claim under a war-risk policy, insurers say, with nationalization, seizure and restraint under government orders also covered.

But lawyers say proving Moscow has effectively confiscated hundreds of jets could be a daunting task.

“This is totally uncharted territory. There is a possibility that insurers could cancel policies, leaving lessors with an aircraft but no insurance,” Lundquist said.

War also threatens to erode the Cape Town Convention, an industry circuit-breaker designed to make contracts more enforceable across borders.

Its 83 nations including Russia set up an international register to smooth repossessions but it relies on co-operation widely seen as unlikely after Russian President Vladimir Putin told airline workers that Western sanctions were “akin to a declaration of war.”

Most lessors already use the Bermuda register rather than Russia’s over legal uncertainties.

A person at a Chinese lessor with planes at Aeroflot said transferring the agreement to a different entity would require layers of approvals that have little chance of materializing.

“We’re completely stuck,” said the person who has spoken to an Aeroflot representative almost every day since the invasion.

Even if conflict eases, Russia’s near-isolation may permanently damage valuations by interrupting the continuity of maintenance records or encouraging airlines to swap parts.

Indirect effects might go wider still, forcing Airbus and Boeing to remarket dozens of jets and halting others’ plans to convert older Russian jets into freighters amid a cargo boom.

Also in the spotlight are asset-backed securities used by lessors to ease financing and now containing high Russian risk.

All this, while soaring oil prices threaten to punch a new hole in airline balance sheets and damage the creditworthiness of all carriers.

UK-based aviation consultancy IBA said the crisis had already delayed the industry’s pandemic recovery by two months.

Critics say the crisis calls for a rethink about the way the industry handles risk. For years its selling point to investors was its ability to move assets to escape regional volatility. But a worldwide pandemic, and now a sequestered Russian fleet, have left the industry struggling to restore equilibrium.

“There was a perception that Russia was a good risk and capable of absorbing significant capacity that others could not take because of the COVID-19 crisis,” Grabowski said.

“For people who had surplus planes on their hands Russia was a venue of last resort. Most of the market also thought Aeroflot was an impeccable credit but forgot the political risk.”