After Gustav, Will People Be Less Likely to Heed Warnings Next Time?

Millions fled the Gulf Coast in fear of Hurricane Gustav, billed as the apocalyptic “mother of all storms.” It didn’t deliver. Now, with three other storms lining up in the Atlantic, some fear people might not listen next time.

New Orleans Mayor Ray Nagin announced residents could start coming back on Thursday, September 4. But the first of the 2 million people who fled Gustav began trickling home on September 2 from shelters, many grumbling about the food, the heat, the overcrowding, the uncertainty and the frustrating wait for the all-clear.

Some evacuees, particularly in Texas, on the far fringes of the storm’s path, suggested authorities overreacted in demanding they leave their homes.

“Next time, it’s going to be bad because people who evacuated like us aren’t going to evacuate,” Catherine Jones, 53, of Silsbee, Texas, who spent three days on a cot at a church shelter with her disabled son. “They jumped the gun.”

Emergency officials strongly defended the decision to evacuate coastal areas, saying that with something as unpredictable as a hurricane, it is better to be safe than sorry, a lesson driven home by Katrina, which killed 1,600 people in the U.S. in 2005, compared with nine deaths attributed to Gustav.

Officials noted that, yes, New Orleans’ levees held, and Gustav struck only a glancing blow. But when trees fell on homes, power lines went down and roads were washed out in parts of south Louisiana, there was no one around to get hurt. And there was significant damage: Early insurance industry estimates put the expected damage to covered properties at anywhere from $2 billion to $10 billion. That’s high, but well short of Katrina’s $41 billion.

“The reasons you’re not seeing dramatic stories of rescue is because we had a successful evacuation,” said Homeland Security Secretary Michael Chertoff. “The only reason we don’t have more tales of people in grave danger is because everyone heeded the instructions to get out of town.

At the same time, a top emergency planner in Louisiana acknowledged that authorities run the risk of being accused of crying wolf.

“At all levels, that is a tremendous concern,” said Col. Pat Griffin, head of logistics for the state. “After one or two or three of these, I think the leadership on the local and state level are going to have to push even harder to convince the people.”

With three months left in the Atlantic hurricane season, the question of whether residents will heed an evacuation order is a serious matter. Three storms are lining up in the Atlantic, with Tropical Storm Hanna leading the way. Hanna could strengthen into a hurricane and hit Florida and Georgia later in the week.

Nagin, who ordered the city evacuated and warned that the “mother of all storms” was approaching, strongly stood by his decision, and said he would do the same thing all over again.

“We were faced with a Category 5 potential, a huge storm, which would have been really bad news for our citizens,” Nagin said. “And there was a complacency.”

The damage assessments coming in from the coast provided further evidence Gustav was no Katrina.

Initial inspections showed little damage to the Gulf Coast’s extensive oil and gas installations, though resumption of production and refining could still take a few days. Reflecting confidence that the industry suffered little damage, oil prices fell $5.75 a barrel.

In some places, such as Texas, Gustav barely brought a sprinkle, leading to frustration among those who had to spend days on a cot. The Beaumont Enterprise went as far as to taunt “Gustav Who?” on the front page the day after the storm.

“My brother went to Atlanta. He can’t get back. He’s not happy,” said Rod Ferrand, who lives in the New Orleans suburb of Harahan, as he cut up a stately live oak split by the storm. “And there’s not a branch on his lawn. Now no one can come back in. The next big storm that comes in, nobody’s going to want to leave.”

Many evacuees grew frustrated as they waited for word on whether they could return to their homes.

But Nagin warned that many homes were without power, hospitals had skeleton crews and water and drainage systems were running on backup power. There also were few businesses open, including groceries or gas stations, and a dusk-to-dawn curfew would remain in effect for the foreseeable future, he said.

The mayor felt he had no choice but to lift the mandatory evacuation when neighboring districts decided to let people in beginning Wednesday.

“Are we recommending that you come in and stay permanently? I’m not recommending that at this time,” Nagin said.

Across Louisiana, more than 1 million people were without electricity, and cellular and Internet service was spotty. Gas stations were unable to pump fuel because of the power outages. The threat of severe weather had yet to fully pass, too. A tornado touched down in suburban Westwego around 5 p.m., causing light damage but no injuries.

Dozens of hospitals were still running on generator power, several without air conditioning, and there were fears that hundreds of patients might have to be evacuated in the next few days. Only one hospital in New Orleans had the capacity to provide dialysis, and two in the Alexandria area were running low on drinking water.

None of it matter for those eager to get back. Curtis Helms, 47, left New Orleans on Saturday with only $20 in his pocket and the stripped T-shirt and denim shorts he was wearing. He was still wearing the same clothes Tuesday at a shelter in Alabama, and said he only left because Nagin threatened to toss those caught on the street in jail.

“Right now, I’d rather be home, even with no electricity,” Helms said.

Associated Press Writers Stacey Plaisance, Kevin McGill and Allen G. Breed in New Orleans, Warren Levinson in Harahan, Janet McConnaughey and Alan Sayre in Hammond, Michael Kunzelman in Morgan City, Angela K. Brown in Fort Worth, Texas, and Eileen Sullivan in Washington contributed to this report.